청주 금속활자전수교육관

[국가무형문화재 금속활자장 (金屬活字匠) Geumsok Hwaljajang (Metal Movable Type Making)]

금속활자장은 금속으로 활자를 만들어서 각종 서적을 인쇄하는 장인을 말한다. 금속활자 인쇄기술은 세계에서 처음으로 고려시대에 창안되었으나 정확한 시기는 알 수 없다. 고종 19년(1232) 강화도에 천도한 고려 조정이 개경의 서적점(書籍店)에서 찍은 금속활자본 『남명천화상송증도가(南明泉和尙頌證道歌)』를 다시 새겨낸 것이 전하며, 국가전례서인 『상정예문(詳定禮文)』을 금속활자로 찍은 것으로 보아, 이 시기 이전에 금속활자 인쇄가 발달했음을 알 수 있다. 조선시대에는 중앙관서를 중심으로 단계적으로 개량·발전시켰다.

우리나라의 금속활자는 주조기법으로 제작된다. 금속활자의 제작과정은 글자본만들기, 원형만들기, 주조작업, 마무리작업 등 크게 4과정으로 구분할 수 있으며, 주조기법에 따라 두 종류로 나뉜다. 하나는 활자 하나하나를 밀랍으로 만드는 밀랍주조기법으로 초기에 주로 쓰인 방식이다. 다른 하나는 활자의 원형으로 주물틀을 만든 후 찍는 모래주조기법으로 조선시대 초조갑인자 이후 보편화된 방법이다.

금속활자는 글씨를 바탕으로 여러가지 과학과 기술을 총망라하여 만들어낸 종합예술품으로서, 우리 민족의 우수성을 보여주는 전통공예기술이다.

[영문 설명]

Geumsok Hwaljajang refers to the skill of making metal printing type and printing books with it, or to an artisan with such a skill. The world’s first metal printing type was made during the Goryeo Period (877 – 1394). A reprinted version of a book Nammyeong Cheon hwasangsong jeungdoga (Song of Enlightenment with Commentaries by Buddhist Monk Nammyeong) printed with metal type in Gaegyeong after the Goryeo Dynasty relocated the capital to Ganghwado in 1232 (the 19th year of the reign of King Gojong) is still extant. The printing of Sangjeong yemun (Detailed and Authentic Codes of Ritual and Etiquette) with metal type tells us that the skill had developed earlier. During the Joseon Period (1392 – 1910), metal printing type was improved, with the central government offices playing a leading role. 

In Korea, metal type was made with a forging technique. The production process is composed of four stages, cutting out letter patterns, making prototypes, forging and finishing. There are two kinds of metal type production, depending on forging techniques used. These are lost-wax casting, which was chiefly used at the beginning, and sand casting, which was commonly used after the introduction of Chojugabinja which was the first metal type, during the reign of King Sejong in 1434. 

Metal printing type is a work of comprehensive art made with a combination of many diverse skills and techniques that display the ingenuity of Koreans.

출처:문화재청

금속활자전수교육관

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"활자판 주요명칭"

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"금속활자 주조 시연장"

금속활자 주조는 밀랍주조법과 주물사주조법 방법이 있다. 출처:금속활자 주조과정, 금속활자전수교육관

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"주물사를 이용한 금속활자 주조 시연"

금속활자장 임인호 선생이 초등학생들에게 금속활자 주조 시연중이다.

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"탕로 만들기"

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"쇳물 붓기"

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"활자 가지쇠 만들기"

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"완성된 금속활자"

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"청주를 Memo(利)하다! 청주를 감(感)치다!"